Fig 1: Effect of melatonin (MLT) and irradiation (IR) on serum levels of the inflammatory cytokines, A C-reactive protein (CRP) and B IL-6, as well as the anti-inflammatory cytokine C IL-10, in various treatment groups. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 5). ** Highly significant at P < 0.01. ***, ###, %%%, @@@ Very Highly significant at P < 0.001. **& *** Significant as compared with the control 3 days group. #, ### Significant as compared with the control 14 days group. %%% Significant as compared with the IR 3 days group. @@@ Significant as compared with the IR 14 days group. Cont control, MLT melatonin, IR irradiated
Fig 2: Effect of A. nilotica stem bark extracts on the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in the experimental rats. (A) IL-1ß, and (B) IL-6. EA, ethyl acetate fraction; Bu, butanol fraction; IL-1ß, interleukin-1 beta; IL-6, interleukin-6. Data are represented as mean ± SD and analyzed by ANOVA and Bonferroni's post-hoc test. * significantly different compared to the normal group; # significantly different compared to the HFD control group; ˆ significantly different compared to the orlistat treated group. Differences were considered significantly different at P < 0.05.
Fig 3: AR-A014418 attenuated LPS-induced inflammation in rDPSCs. rDPSCs were treated with LPS for 48 h, and given a series of concentrations (0, 1, 2.5, and 5 μM) of AR-A014418. (A) MTT assay detected the cell viability of rDPSCs. (B) Flow cytometry detected cell apoptosis based on Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. (C) RT-PCR analyzed the transcriptional levels of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL1 and IL-1β) in rDPSCs. (D) Detection of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL1 and IL-1β) in the supernatant of rDPSCs by ELISA. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01 and ∗∗∗P < 0.001 versus the LPS group.
Fig 4: LPS stimulation caused an impaired cell viability, apoptosis, and inflammation in rDPSCs. (A) MTT assay detected the cell viability of rDPSCs cultured under LPS for 24, 48, and 72 h. (B) Flow cytometry detected cell apoptosis based on Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. (C) RT-PCR analyzed the transcriptional levels of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL1 and IL-1β) in rDPSCs. (D) Detection of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL1 and IL-1β) in the supernatant of rDPSCs by ELISA. ∗∗P < 0.01 and ∗∗∗P < 0.001 versus the control group.
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